Chicken IL-10 Do-It-Yourself ELISA

The Chicken IL-10 Do-It-Yourself ELISA (Cat# DIY1118C-003) contains capture antibody, standard, and detection antibody for development of a Chicken IL-10 ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided. Components may also be purchased separately.

The IL-10 family of cytokines consists of nine members: IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29. These cytokines elicit diverse host defense mechanisms. IL-10 family cytokines are essential for maintaining the integrity and homeostasis of tissue epithelial layers. By promoting inamte immune response, members of this family can limit the damage caused by viral and bacterial infections. They can also facilitate the tissue-healing process in injuries caused by infection or inflammation. IL-10 itself is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. IL-10 family cytokines have indispensable functions in many infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Bovine IL-1 beta (IL-1F2) Do-It-Yourself ELISA

The Bovine IL-1β Do-It-Yourself ELISA (Cat# DIY1111B-003) contains capture antibody, protein standard, and detection antibody for development of a Bovine IL-1β ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided. Components may also be purchased separately. 

The IL-1 family of cytokines encompasses eleven proteins that each share a similar β-barrel structure and bind to Ig-like receptors. Several of the well characterized members of the IL-1-like cytokines play key roles in the development and regulation of inflammation. IL-1α (IL-1F1), IL-1β (IL-1F2), and IL-18 (IL-1F4) are well-known inflammatory cytokines active in the initiation of the inflammatory reaction and in driving Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses. In contrast, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra; IL-1F3) and IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36ra; IL-1F5) reduce inflammation by blocking the binding of the agonist receptor ligands. IL-33 (IL-1F11) is thought to function as an 'alarmin' released following cell necrosis to alerting the immune system to tissue damage or stress. The biological properties of IL-37 (IL-1F7) are mainly those of down-regulating inflammation.

Swine Annexin V Fluorescein-Conjugated Recombinant Protein

Annexins are important in various cellular and physiological processes such as providing a membrane scaffold, which is relevant to changes in the physical shape of the cell. Annexin proteins have been shown to be involved in trafficking and organization of vesicles, exocytosis, endocytosis and also calcium ion channel formation. Annexin proteins are not exclusively intracellular protein: Annexin proteins are also found in the extracellular space and have been linked to several processes fibrinolysis, coagulation, inflammation and apoptosis. Annexin proteins are all capable of binding negatively charged phospholipids in a calcium dependent manner and contain a 70 amino acid repeat sequence called an annexin repeat.

Kingfisher Biotech’s Swine Annexin V Fluorescein-conjugated recombinant protein has been shown to be a superior product for use in flow cytometry applications.

Importance of IL-13

What makes IL-13 important? It is secreted by many cell types, but especially T helper type 2 (Th2) cells. IL-13 is an important mediator of allergic inflammation and disease. In addition to effects on immune cells, IL-13 is implicated as a central mediator of the physiologic changes induced by allergic inflammation in many tissues. The functions of IL-13 overlap considerably with those of IL-4, especially with regard to changes induced on hematopoietic cells, but these effects are probably less important given the more potent role of IL-4. Interestingly, although IL-13 can induce immunoglobulin E (IgE) secretion from activated human B cells, deletion of IL-13 from mice does not markedly affect either Th2 cell development or antigen-specific IgE responses induced by potent allergens; deletion of IL-4 abrogates these responses. Essentially, rather than a lymphoid cytokine, IL-13 acts more prominently as a molecular bridge linking allergic inflammatory cells to the non-immune cells in contact with them, thereby altering physiological function. 

IL-13 Homology Across Species

TNF alpha Homology Across Species

TNF alpha is involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that stimulate the acute phase reaction. It is produced mainly by activated macrophages.

TNF alpha is able to induce fever, apoptotic cell death, sepsis (through IL-1 & IL-6 production), cachexia, and inflammation, as well as to inhibit tumorigenesis and viral replication. Because of the broad role of TNF alpha, dysregulation has been implicated in a variety of diseases.