EPO and Erythropoiesis

The orchestration of a complex, hierarchical process like erythropoiesis requires the precise coordination of a host of cellular factors that work either in concert or at distinct stages of the process, to regulate effective and sufficient formation of RBCs. The principal regulator of erythropoiesis is Erythropoietin (EPO), a heavily glycosylated protein belonging to the class I cytokine family (Jelkmann, 2004). EPO exerts its effects on erythropoiesis by binding to and activating the EPOreceptor (EpoR), a high affinity receptor that is predominantly expressed on the surface of immature erythroid cells. EpoR belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family and exists as a homodimer. Upon ligand binding, EpoR, which lacks intrinsic catalytic activity, undergoes a conformational change and associates with Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2). JAK2 phosphorylates the ligand-activated EpoR, generating multiple docking sites for signaling molecules, and leading to activation of several signal transduction pathways (Watowich, 2011). While one of the earliest studied signaling pathways activated through the EPO-EpoR cascade is the Janus Kinase and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, phosphorylated EpoR induces activation of other cellular signaling cascades including the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase (MAPK/ERK) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase /protein kinase B (PI-3K/AKT) pathways (Ingley et al., 2004). These pathways impact erythropoiesis by temporally regulating transcription of genes involved in survival, differentiation, and cell proliferation depending on the stage of erythroid maturation. For example, survival signals are provided to CFU-E cells, the most EPO-sensitive cells amongst the erythroid progenitors, as well as to erythroblasts. The importance of EPO-EpoR signaling in erythropoiesis has been demonstrated by EPO-null and EpoR-null mouse models, which are both embryonically lethal, owing to a lack of erythropoiesis in the fetus (Wu et al., 1995). While the EPO-EpoR signaling axis serves as the central hub for erythropoiesis regulation, several other molecular signals, both extrinsic and intrinsic, are involved and serve to further fine-tune the progression of the multi-faceted process of erythropoiesis (Ingley, 2012; Ingley et al., 2004; Kuhrt and Wojchowski, 2015). more... 

Check out Kingfisher Biotech's growing portfolio of EPO products, including recombinant proteins, polyclonal antibodies and ELISA Kits.

Swine Erythropoietin Do-It-Yourself ELISA

Erythropoietin (EPO) is an essential hormone for red blood cell production. Without it, definitive erythropoiesis does not take place. Erythropoietin has its primary effect on red blood cell progenitors and precursors by promoting their survival through protecting these cells from apoptosis. It is the primary erythropoietic factor that cooperates with various other growth factors (e.g., IL-3, IL-6, glucocorticoids, and SCF) involved in the development of erythroid lineage from multipotent progenitors. Erythropoietin has a range of actions including vasoconstriction-dependent hypertension, stimulating angiogenesis, and inducing proliferation of smooth muscle fibers. It can increase iron absorption by suppressing the hormone hepcidin.

The Swine Erythropoietin (EPO) Do-It-Yourself ELISA contains capture antibody, standard, and detection antibody for development of a Swine EPO ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided. Optimal buffers, concentrations, incubation times, incubation temperatures, and methods for the ELISA have not been determined. A working knowledge of ELISA is strongly recommended. The quantities of components provided are not matched. Components may also be purchased separately. 

Component	Usage	Quantity	Catalog #
Anti-Swine Erythropoietin PAb	Capture Antibody	100 µg	KP1003S-100
Biotinylated Anti-Swine Erythropoietin PAb	Detection Antibody	50 µg	KPB1004S-050
Swine Erythropoietin Protein	Standard	5 µg	RP0938S-005