Rabbit C3a Do-It-Yourself ELISA, ≤10 Plates

The Rabbit C3a (Complement Component 3a) Do-It-Yourself ELISA (Cat# DIY1220U-003) contains capture antibody, protein standard, and detection antibody for development of a Rabbit C3a ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided.

C3a is an effector molecule of both the classical and alternative complement pathways for a broad range of functions including T cell activation and survival, angiogenesis stimulation, chemotaxis, mast cell degranulation, and macrophage activation. C3a produces both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. C3a, a 77 amino acid long anaphylatoxin, is produced when C3 convertases act on the N-terminal chain of the C3 protein. The activation of the C3 protein fragments it into two proteins. The smaller protein, C3a, promotes an inflammatory reaction while the larger, called C3b, binds to the surface of many microbial cells. The binding of C3a to the specific G protein-coupled receptor, C3aR, has been shown to be involved in several diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, septic shock syndrome, age-related macular degeneration, and asthma. The immune response, initiated by C3a, acts by stimulating mast cell degranulation. Inhibiting the binding of C3a to C3aR with antagonists, such as diiminoisoindolines, diminishes the inflammatory response by disrupting the cascade. In many cases, it has been shown to be strong enough to counteract the pro-inflammatory effects of C5a.

You can find more products for animal health and animal model research at the Kingfisher Biotech website.

Bovine CD40 Ligand ELISA

Kingfisher Biotech's Bovine CD40 Ligand Do-It-Yourself ELISA (Catalog # DIY1211B-003) contains capture antibody, protein standard, and detection antibody for development of a CD40 Ligand ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided.

CD40 Ligand (CD40LG) is a transmembrane protein that is a member of the TNF superfamily. In addition to existing in a membrane bound form, CD40LG can also be released as a soluble molecule (sCD40LG), which has been shown to have biological functions.

CD40 interacts with CD40 ligand (aka CD40LG, TNFSF5 or CD154), which is predominantly expressed on activated CD4+ T-cells. CD40LG is transiently expressed on activated T-cells and plays a crucial role in B-cell function. Activated T-cells expressing CD40LG can also interact with CD40 on endothelial cells to induce production of inflammatory cytokines. The transient expression of CD40LG allows T-cells to stimulate selected CD40-bearing cells to participate in the immune response. 

You can find more products for animal health and animal model research at the Kingfisher Biotech website.

Bovine CXCL10 (IP-10) ELISA VetSet, 2 Plates

The Bovine CXCL10 (IP-10) VetSet (ELISA Development Kit) is for the quantitative determination of bovine CXCL10 (IP-10) in cell culture supernatants.

Kit Contents

Bovine CXCL10 (IP-10) Coated Plate (2 plates)
Bovine CXCL10 (IP-10) Standard
Bovine CXCL10 (IP-10) Detection Antibody
Streptavidin-HRP

Catalog No.VS1196B-002

C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) also known as Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) or small-inducible cytokine B10 is a member of the C-X-C chemokine family. CXCL10 (IP-10) is secreted by several cell types in response to IFN-gamma. These cell types include monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. CXCL10 (IP-10) has been attributed to several roles, such as chemoattraction for monocytes/macrophages, T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells, promotion of T cell adhesion to endothelial cells, antitumor activity, and inhibition of bone marrow colony formation and angiogenesis. 

Canine IL-8 ELISA

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), also known as CXCL8, is a CXC family member chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells. There have been 17 different CXC chemokines described in mammals, that are subdivided into two categories, those with a specific amino acid sequence (or motif) of glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (or ELR for short) immediately before the first cysteine of the CXC motif (ELR-positive), and those without an ELR motif (ELR-negative). ELR-positive CXC chemokines such as IL-8 specifically induce the migration of neutrophils, and interact with chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2.

The Canine IL-8 Do-It-Yourself ELISA from Kingfisher Biotech contains capture antibody, standard, and detection antibody for development of a Canine IL-8 ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided. 

Component	Quantity	Catalog #
Capture Antibody	100 µg	PB1164B-100
Detection Antibody	50 µg	PBB1165B-050
Standard	5 µg	RP0101D-005

Cynomolgus Monkey IL-6 ELISA

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response to trauma, especially burns or other tissue damage leading to inflammation. IL-6 is also produced from muscle, and is elevated in response to muscle contraction. It is significantly elevated with exercise, and precedes the appearance of other cytokines in the circulation. Osteoblasts secrete IL-6 to stimulate osteoclast formation. Smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of many blood vessels also produce IL-6 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. The role of IL-6 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine is mediated through its inhibitory effects on TNF-alpha and IL-1, and activation of IL-1ra and IL-10.

The Cynomolgus Monkey IL-6 Do-It-Yourself ELISA from Kingfisher Biotech contains capture antibody, standard, and detection antibody for development of a Cynomolgus Monkey IL-6 ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided.

Swine IL-1 alpha ELISA

The IL-1 family of cytokines encompasses eleven proteins that each share a similar β-barrel structure and bind to Ig-like receptors. Several of the well characterized members of the IL-1-like cytokines play key roles in the development and regulation of inflammation. IL-1α (IL-1F1), IL-1β (IL-1F2), and IL-18 (IL-1F4) are well-known inflammatory cytokines active in the initiation of the inflammatory reaction and in driving Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses. In contrast, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra; IL-1F3) and IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36ra; IL-1F5) reduce inflammation by blocking the binding of the agonist receptor ligands. IL-33 (IL-1F11) is thought to function as an 'alarmin' released following cell necrosis to alerting the immune system to tissue damage or stress. The biological properties of IL-37 (IL-1F7) are mainly those of down-regulating inflammation.

Kingfisher Biotech's Swine IL-1α (IL-1F1) Do-It-Yourself ELISA contains capture antibody, protein standard, and detection antibody for development of a Swine IL-1α (IL-1F1) ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided.

Bovine CCL3 (MIP-1 alpha) Do-It-Yourself ELISA, ≤10 Plates

Chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), also known as Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. There are at least 27 distinct members of the C-C subgroup reported for mammals. They are characterized by two adjacent cysteines. CC chemokines induce the migration of monocytes and other cell types such as NK cells and dendritic cells. CCL3 (MIP-1α) is a chemoattractant for several different leukocytes, with varying degrees of potency (monocytes = T-cells>neutrophils>eosinophils).

The Bovine CCL3 (MIP-1α) Do-It-Yourself ELISA contains capture antibody, protein standard, and detection antibody for development of a Bovine CCL3 (MIP-1α) ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided.

Equine Erythropoietin (EPO) Do-It-Yourself ELISA, ≤10 Plates

The Equine Erythropoietin Do-It-Yourself ELISA contains capture antibody, protein standard, and detection antibody for development of a Equine EPO ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided. Optimal buffers, concentrations, incubation times, incubation temperatures, and methods for the ELISA have not been determined.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is an essential hormone for red blood cell production. Without it, definitive erythropoiesis does not take place. Erythropoietin has its primary effect on red blood cell progenitors and precursors by promoting their survival through protecting these cells from apoptosis. It is the primary erythropoietic factor that cooperates with various other growth factors (e.g., IL-3, IL-6, glucocorticoids, and SCF) involved in the development of erythroid lineage from multipotent progenitors. Erythropoietin has a range of actions including vasoconstriction-dependent hypertension, stimulating angiogenesis, and inducing proliferation of smooth muscle fibers.

Swine Fas Ligand ELISA

The Swine Fas Ligand (FasL) Do-It-Yourself ELISA contains capture antibody, protein standard, and detection antibody for development of a Swine Fas Ligand (FasL) ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided.

Fas ligand (FasL), also known as CD95L and TNFSF6, is a homotrimeric type II transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. FasL plays diverse roles in the immune system, including induction of apoptotic cell death in target cells. FasL-Fas-mediated apoptosis plays fundamental roles in several immune functions. The pathway is involved in functions including regulation of T cell homeostasis and maintenance of immune privilege, apart from its well-established role in T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity via the Fas pathway is critical for prevention of pathogenic infections as well as control of tumor cell growth.

Our Newest Do-It-Yourself ELISAs

Kingfisher Biotech's portfolio of Do-It-Yourself ELISAs continues to grow with the recent addition of Bovine IL-1 beta, Caprine IL-1 beta, Chicken IL-6, and Chicken IL-10 Do-It-Yourself ELISAs. Follow the links below to view product specifications and representative data.

• Bovine IL-1 beta
• Caprine IL-1 beta
• Chicken IL-6
• Chicken IL-10
• Rabbit CCL21
• Bovine IL-2
• Swine IFN-ß
• Ovine IL-21
• Swine IGF-1
• Cynomolgus Monkey TNF alpha
• Bovine LIF
• Bovine IL-8
• Feline IL-8
• Ovine IL-8
• Swine Erythropoietin (EPO)

The complete list of Do-It-Yourself ELISAs

Rabbit CCL21 (6Ckine) Do-It-Yourself ELISA

Chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. It is also known as 6Ckine (because it has six conserved cysteine residues instead of the four cysteines typical to chemokines), exodus-2, and secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC). There are at least 27 distinct members of the C-C subgroup reported for mammals. They are characterized by two adjacent cysteines. CC chemokines induce the migration of monocytes and other cell types such as NK cells and dendritic cells. CCL21 is known to elicit its effects through CCR7.

The Rabbit CCL21 (6Ckine) Do-It-Yourself ELISA (Cat# DIY1121U-003) is the first kit available for the measurement of rabbit CCL21. It contains capture antibody, protein standard, and detection antibody for development of a Rabbit CCL21 (6Ckine) ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided. Components may also be purchased separately. 

Chicken IL-6 Do-It-Yourself ELISA

The Chicken IL-6 Do-It-Yourself ELISA (Cat# DIY1115C-003) contains capture antibody, prottein standard, and detection antibody for development of a Chicken IL-6 ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided. Components may also be purchased separately.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response to trauma, especially burns or other tissue damage leading to inflammation. IL-6 is also produced from muscle, and is elevated in response to muscle contraction. It is significantly elevated with exercise, and precedes the appearance of other cytokines in the circulation. Osteoblasts secrete IL-6 to stimulate osteoclast formation. Smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of many blood vessels also produce IL-6 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. The role of IL-6 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine is mediated through its inhibitory effects on TNF-alpha and IL-1, and activation of IL-1ra and IL-10.

Bovine IL-1 beta (IL-1F2) Do-It-Yourself ELISA

The Bovine IL-1β Do-It-Yourself ELISA (Cat# DIY1111B-003) contains capture antibody, protein standard, and detection antibody for development of a Bovine IL-1β ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided. Components may also be purchased separately. 

The IL-1 family of cytokines encompasses eleven proteins that each share a similar β-barrel structure and bind to Ig-like receptors. Several of the well characterized members of the IL-1-like cytokines play key roles in the development and regulation of inflammation. IL-1α (IL-1F1), IL-1β (IL-1F2), and IL-18 (IL-1F4) are well-known inflammatory cytokines active in the initiation of the inflammatory reaction and in driving Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses. In contrast, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra; IL-1F3) and IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36ra; IL-1F5) reduce inflammation by blocking the binding of the agonist receptor ligands. IL-33 (IL-1F11) is thought to function as an 'alarmin' released following cell necrosis to alerting the immune system to tissue damage or stress. The biological properties of IL-37 (IL-1F7) are mainly those of down-regulating inflammation.

Emerging Roles of IL-8 in Cancer Etiology

IL-8 exerts its tumorigenic effects through both autocrine and paracrine signaling. Secretion of IL-8 by tumor cells can enhance cell survival and proliferation of the cancer cells through autocrine signaling. IL-8 also plays an important role in the tumor microenvironment, which is composed of a diverse group of cells including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, dendritic cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. A complex network of cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory molecules drives communication between the microenvironment and the malignant tumor cells (Todorovic-Rakovic and Milovanovic, 2013). Importantly, IL-8 is implicated in the initiation of leukocyte infiltration, neovascularization, and angiogenesis, all processes that precede invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Cancer cells secrete IL-8, triggering the infiltration of leukocytes to the site of chemokine production. Leukocytes in turn secrete cytokines and growth factors promoting angiogenesis and cell survival (Gales et al., 2013). more...

Kingfisher Biotech offers many IL-8 products, including recombinant proteins, antibodies, and ELISAs.

EPO and Erythropoiesis

The orchestration of a complex, hierarchical process like erythropoiesis requires the precise coordination of a host of cellular factors that work either in concert or at distinct stages of the process, to regulate effective and sufficient formation of RBCs. The principal regulator of erythropoiesis is Erythropoietin (EPO), a heavily glycosylated protein belonging to the class I cytokine family (Jelkmann, 2004). EPO exerts its effects on erythropoiesis by binding to and activating the EPOreceptor (EpoR), a high affinity receptor that is predominantly expressed on the surface of immature erythroid cells. EpoR belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family and exists as a homodimer. Upon ligand binding, EpoR, which lacks intrinsic catalytic activity, undergoes a conformational change and associates with Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2). JAK2 phosphorylates the ligand-activated EpoR, generating multiple docking sites for signaling molecules, and leading to activation of several signal transduction pathways (Watowich, 2011). While one of the earliest studied signaling pathways activated through the EPO-EpoR cascade is the Janus Kinase and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, phosphorylated EpoR induces activation of other cellular signaling cascades including the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase (MAPK/ERK) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase /protein kinase B (PI-3K/AKT) pathways (Ingley et al., 2004). These pathways impact erythropoiesis by temporally regulating transcription of genes involved in survival, differentiation, and cell proliferation depending on the stage of erythroid maturation. For example, survival signals are provided to CFU-E cells, the most EPO-sensitive cells amongst the erythroid progenitors, as well as to erythroblasts. The importance of EPO-EpoR signaling in erythropoiesis has been demonstrated by EPO-null and EpoR-null mouse models, which are both embryonically lethal, owing to a lack of erythropoiesis in the fetus (Wu et al., 1995). While the EPO-EpoR signaling axis serves as the central hub for erythropoiesis regulation, several other molecular signals, both extrinsic and intrinsic, are involved and serve to further fine-tune the progression of the multi-faceted process of erythropoiesis (Ingley, 2012; Ingley et al., 2004; Kuhrt and Wojchowski, 2015). more... 

Check out Kingfisher Biotech's growing portfolio of EPO products, including recombinant proteins, polyclonal antibodies and ELISA Kits.

IFN gamma Recombinant Proteins - Bovine, Canine, Chicken, Dolphin, Equine, Feline, Human, Mouse, Ovine, Rabbit, and Swine

Bovine, Canine, Chicken, Dolphin, Equine, Feline, Human, Mouse, Ovine, Rabbit, and Swine IFN gamma Recombinant Proteins

IFN-gamma, or type II interferon, is a cytokine that is critical for innate and adaptive immunity against viral and intracellular bacterial infections and for tumor control. Aberrant IFN-gamma expression is associated with a number of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The importance of IFN-gamma in the immune system stems in part from its ability to inhibit viral replication directly, but, most important, derives from its immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects. IFN-gamma is produced predominantly by natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells as part of the innate immune response, and by CD4 and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector T cells once antigen-specific immunity develops.

Kingfisher Biotech offers bovine, canine, chicken, dolphin, equine, feline, human, mouse, ovine, rabbit, and swine IFN gamma recombinant proteins. Our proteins are produced in yeast, making them naturally endotoxin-free - perfect for cell culture applications. 

IFN gamma Homology Across Species

Swine Erythropoietin Do-It-Yourself ELISA

Erythropoietin (EPO) is an essential hormone for red blood cell production. Without it, definitive erythropoiesis does not take place. Erythropoietin has its primary effect on red blood cell progenitors and precursors by promoting their survival through protecting these cells from apoptosis. It is the primary erythropoietic factor that cooperates with various other growth factors (e.g., IL-3, IL-6, glucocorticoids, and SCF) involved in the development of erythroid lineage from multipotent progenitors. Erythropoietin has a range of actions including vasoconstriction-dependent hypertension, stimulating angiogenesis, and inducing proliferation of smooth muscle fibers. It can increase iron absorption by suppressing the hormone hepcidin.

The Swine Erythropoietin (EPO) Do-It-Yourself ELISA contains capture antibody, standard, and detection antibody for development of a Swine EPO ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided. Optimal buffers, concentrations, incubation times, incubation temperatures, and methods for the ELISA have not been determined. A working knowledge of ELISA is strongly recommended. The quantities of components provided are not matched. Components may also be purchased separately. 

Component	Usage	Quantity	Catalog #
Anti-Swine Erythropoietin PAb	Capture Antibody	100 µg	KP1003S-100
Biotinylated Anti-Swine Erythropoietin PAb	Detection Antibody	50 µg	KPB1004S-050
Swine Erythropoietin Protein	Standard	5 µg	RP0938S-005

Equine IFNβ1 Do-It-Yourself ELISA

Type I interferons comprise a vast and growing group of IFN proteins. Homologous molecules to type I IFNs are found in many species, including all mammals, and some have been identified in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish species. The mammalian types are designated IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-κ, IFN-δ, IFN-ε, IFN-τ, IFN-ω, and IFN-ζ (also known as limitin). They are mainly involved in innate immune response against viral infection.

The Equine IFNβ1 Do-It-Yourself ELISA contains capture antibody, standard, and detection antibody for development of a Equine IFNβ1 ELISA. The antibodies have been determined to function in an ELISA with the standard provided. Optimal buffers, concentrations, incubation times, incubation temperatures, and methods for the ELISA have not been determined. A working knowledge of ELISA is strongly recommended. The quantities of components provided are not matched. Components may also be purchased separately. 

Component	Usage	Quantity	Catalog #
Anti-Equine IFNβ1 PAb	Capture Antibody	100 µg	KPB1001E-100
Biotinylated Anti-Equine IFNβ1 PAb	Detection Antibody	50 µg	KPB1002E-050
Equine IFNβ1 Protein	Standard	5 µg	RP935E-005

The Equine IFNβ1 Do-It-Yourself ELISA is intended for use in animal model and animal health research.

Recent Citations that used the Bovine TNF alpha VetSet

The Kingfisher Biotech Bovine TNF alpha VetSet was used in two recent articles by M. Garcia from the University of Florida in Gainsville. In the article entitled "The effect of citrus-derived oil on bovine blood neutrophil function and gene expression in vitro" (M Garcia, TH Elsasser, D Biswas, KM Moyes - Journal of Dairy Science, 2015 - Elsevier) the authors reported that TNF-α production was not altered by TCO (cold-pressed terpeneless Valencia orange oil) when compared with controls. Results show that 0.01% TCO does not impair the function of PMNL in vitro, indicating that TCO inhibits bacterial growth without negatively altering PMNL function.Further studies will be required to determine if this a potential treatment of mastitis. In the article entitled "Increasing intake of essential fatty acids from milk replacer benefits performance, immune responses, and health of preweaned Holstein calves" (M. Garcia, J.H. Shin, A. Schlaefli, L.F. Greco, F.P. Maunsell, J.E.P. Santos, C.R. Staples, W.W. Thatcher - Journal of Dairy Science, 2015 - Elsevier), the authors reported that based upon growth performance and immune functions (measurement of bovine TNF alpha and IFN gamma) that unweaned Holstein calves benefited from consuming 3-5 grams per day of linoleic acid and 0.3-0.6 grams per day of alpha-linolenic acid.

Equine IL-8 Antibodies

IL-8 (CXCL8) is a chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. The primary function of IL-8 is the induction of neutrophil chemotaxis.

Kingfisher Biotech now offers antibodies and protein that can be used to build your own ELISA to measure equine IL-8. The antibodies do not cross-react with bovine, canine, dolphin, guinea pig, or human IL-8 and show slight cross-reactivity with feline IL-8 making the ELISA very species-specific.